食管癌三维适形放射治疗疗效的Meta分析

目的分析三维适形放射治疗技术（3-DCRT）治疗食管癌的疗效和放射毒性反应。方法检索国内有关数据库查找符合条件的临床随机对照试验,采用Meta分析方法,对国内公开发表的有关3-DCRT治疗食管癌的临床随机对照试验研究文献进行综合分析,在RevMan4.2.7软件中统计分析相应的研究指标。结果有8项独立的临床随机对照试验研究进入了本次meta分析。3-DCRT组的近期疗效,1、2、3年局控率及1、2、3年生存率均优于对照组（p〈0.01）。两组毒副反应的差异无统计学显著性意义。结论3-DCRT治疗食管癌的近期疗效优于常规放射治疗方法,远期疗效和毒副反应有待进一步观察随访和研究。     

淫羊藿、人参耐缺氧、耐疲劳及抗氧化作用的实验研究

目的 探讨淫羊藿、人参耐缺氧、耐疲劳及抗氧化作用。方法 采用单独和联合给药的方法对老龄小鼠进行抗缺氧实验,耐疲劳实验,按硫代巴比妥法测定血浆和组织MDA,按EistnerFF法测定红细胞SOD的活性。结果与结论 人参能提高小鼠耐缺氧的能力,淫羊藿可加强其作用;两者都能提高小鼠耐疲劳的能力。淫羊藿和人参均有抗氧化作用,可使血浆和组织中的MDA降低,红细胞的SOD活性增加。两药配伍使用有协同作用。     

Impact of socio-economic status on hospital length of stay following injury: a multicenter cohort study

Background

Injury is second only to cardiovascular disease in terms of acute care costs in North America. One key to improving injury care efficiency is to generate knowledge on the determinants of resource use. Socio-economic status (SES) is a documented risk factor for injury severity and mortality but its impact on length of stay (LOS) for injury admissions is unknown. This study aimed to examine the relationship between SES and LOS following injury.This multicenter retrospective cohort study was based on adults discharged alive from any trauma center (2007–2012; 57 hospitals; 65,486 patients) in a Canadian integrated provincial trauma system. SES was determined using ecological indices of material and social deprivation. Mean differences in LOS adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities, and injury severity were generated using multivariate linear regression.

Results

Mean LOS was 13.5 days. Patients in the highest quintile of material/social deprivation had a mean LOS 0.5 days (95 % CI 0.1-0.9)/1.4 days (1.1-1.8) longer than those in the lowest quintile. Patients in the highest quintiles of both social and material deprivation had a mean LOS 2.6 days (1.8-3.5) longer than those in the lowest quintiles.

Conclusions

Results suggest that patients admitted for traumatic injury who suffer from high social and/or material deprivation have longer acute care LOS in a universal-access health care system. The reasons behind observed differences need to be further explored but may indicate that discharge planning should take patient SES into consideration.

     

Effect of sociodemographic variables on complete denture satisfaction

PURPOSE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sociodemographic factors on quality of satisfaction towards denture treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

One hundred subjects (filling inclusion criteria) who were wearing a denture for at least two months were enrolled and divided into five groups on the basis of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, literacy level, socio-economic and marital status). Questionnaires consisting of 38 questions (positive and negative attitude towards denture satisfaction) related to patients'' perception of clinical outcome in different domains such as mastication, appearance, speech, comfort, health, denture care and social status were scored by the subjects. Questions reflecting positive attitude were scored as 2, 1, or 0 (yes, uncertain and no, respectively) and reversely for the negative questions. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (α = .05).

RESULTS

Level of denture satisfaction was higher in age subgroup belonging to 45 - 65 years of age in relation to comfort, health and denture care. Female and male showed significant priority for denture treatment because of esthetic and function respectively. Level of satisfaction was statistically significant with literacy level. Upper high income group showed significantly higher level of satisfaction only in case of social status. Married group showed significantly higher satisfaction level only with comfort.

CONCLUSION

Patients'' sociodemographic variables were influential factors on denture satisfaction.     

1991～2005年中国孕产妇死亡率变化趋势分析

目的描述1991—2005年中国孕产妇死亡率变化趋势和特征，为有关部门制定孕产妇保健对策提供依据。方法采用描述性分析和升降趋势检验法对1991～2005年我国孕产妇死亡情况进行分析。结果全国、城市和农村的孕产妇死亡率下降幅度明显。1991～2005年全国孕产妇死亡率由80．0／10万降为47．7／10万，下降幅度为40．4％；农村地区孕产妇死亡率由100．0／10万降为53．8／10万，下降幅度为46．2％；城市孕产妇死亡率由46．3／10万降为25．0／10万，下降幅度为46．0％。结论1991—2005年全国及城乡孕产妇死亡率均呈下降趋势，农村孕产妇死亡率显著高于城市，下降空间大，国家应加大农村孕产妇保健的力度。     

男性居民吸烟、饮酒水平与胆石症患病关系

目的 探讨男性居民吸烟、饮酒水平与胆石症患病的关系。方法 在广东省人群脂肪肝现况调查的基础上,选取成年男性居民,对其吸烟、饮酒水平与胆石症关系进行分析。结果 男性居民胆石症的患病率随着每天吸烟量的增加而升高（趋势χ^25.542,P=0.019）,同时随着年吸烟总量的增加而不断升高（趋势χ^27.302,P=0.007）,排除胆石症常见影响因素年龄和肥胖的影响后每天吸烟量以及年吸烟总量仍然是胆石症的危险因素（每天吸烟量OR=1.269,95%CI：1.018～1.580;吸烟总量OR=1.295,95%CI：1.020～1.646）。饮酒与胆石症的关系是少量和适量饮酒（〈40g/d）可降低男性居民的胆石症的发病,但大量饮酒（≥40g/d）反而会刺激胆石症的形成,呈现“V”形分布。排除胆石症常见影响因素年龄和肥胖的影响后,少量和适量饮酒的保护作用仍然存在（OR=0.537,95%CI：0.313～0.920）。每次饮酒量限制在20g内对胆石症的保护作用最强（OR=0.370,95CI：0.145～0.942）。每周饮酒频率不宜超过7次,饮酒年龄不宜过早,饮酒总年数不宜超过35a。结论 不吸烟、少量或适量饮酒可能对减少男性胆石症患病率有重要作用。     

大豆异黄酮对子代雄鼠生殖系统的危害

目的探讨大豆异黄酮孕期暴露对雄性子代大鼠生殖系统的危害，为阐明人群接触大豆异黄酮对子代生殖系统的不良影响提供参考依据。方法SD大鼠按2：1比例与雄性大鼠同笼交配获取40只孕鼠。将孕鼠随机分为4组，在孕鼠的E13-E19期间以花生油为溶剂灌胃染毒，子一代雄鼠继续饲喂至90天龄剖杀。结果与正常对照比较，高剂量大豆异黄酮组大鼠出生身长、肛殖距、包皮分离时体重水平显著下降，包皮分离时间显著延长，且肛殖距下降表现出剂量效应关系；光镜下可见睾丸组织结构异常。结论大豆异黄酮孕期暴露对子代大鼠的雄性生殖系统具有危害。     

山东省农村老年人生命质量评价及影响因素分析

目的：评价山东省农村老年人生命质量，分析生命质量的影响因素。方法：采用SF-36量表对451名山东省农村老年人的生命质量进行测量并对该群体的生命质量影响因素进行分析。结果：本次调查的451名山东省农村老年人的生命质量总得分平均为78．48±15．35；性别、年龄、职业、日常生活功能、收入状况、慢性病患病、家庭关系等10个因素能影响其生命质量总分及维度评分。结论：应针对山东省农村老年人生命质量的现状及影响因素制定具体措施，以全面提高老年人的生活质量。     

家庭与情绪因素对产褥期妇女抑郁状态的影响

目的 研究产褥期妇女抑郁状态的影响因素。方法 访谈调查了在潍坊市5家医院住院分娩6周内的产妇513例，调查内容包括家庭结构、照顾类型、夫妻感情、产妇与家人的关系、产妇平时的情绪控制能力及性格特征等资料，并用抑郁自评量表测评产褥期妇女的抑郁状态。结果 抑郁发生率为8．2％（42／513），轻、中和重度抑郁发生率分别为5．7％（29／513）、1．4％（7／513）和1．2％（6／513）；二代户组的抑郁发生率低于≥三代户者，丈夫及其家人照顾类型组抑郁发生率高于其它照顾类型组；夫妻感情很好组的产妇抑郁发生率低于夫妻感情较好或一般组，2组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 抑郁发生率与家庭结构、照顾类型、夫妻感情因素有关。